Using Manipulatives to Solve Math Problems
Written by Marilyn Burns - The Nation’s Leading Math Innovator
(click on the pencil to learn more about using manipulatives)
1. Manipulatives help make abstract ideas concrete.
Have you ever visited a new city and felt confused about finding your bearings_even if you had a
map and directions? After a few days you probably got a feel for the area, and even if you became
lost from time to time, you could count on familiar landmarks to help you on your way.  And with
enough exploring, most likely you ventured with more confidence wherever you needed to go.

We can think of the value of firsthand experiences for learning in a similar way. Math has many
areas: patterns, measurement, geometry, statistics, probability,and more–and they’re often
unfamiliar, abstract, and confusing to students. We need to help children develop the ability and
confidence to find their way around each of these areas, see how they connect, and know what to
do should they forget a fact or procedure. Here are five reasons manipulatives do just that:
2. Manipulatives lift math off the textbook pages.
3. Manipulatives build students’ confidence by giving them a way to test and confirm their reasoning.
One goal of the National Council for the Teachers of Mathematics Standards is to 
build strong students’ confidence with mathematics. If students have physical evidence 
of how their thinking works, then their understanding is more robust.
4 Manipulatives are useful tools for solving problems.
5 Manipulatives make learning math interesting and enjoyable.
Give students the choice of working on a page of problems or solving a problem with 
colorful and interesting shaped blocks, and there is no contest. Manipulatives intrigue
and motivate while students learn.